Adderall is a medication that is taken to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Narcolepsy or a sleep disorder. This medication is thought to help the person become more focused, control impulses, and stay awake. Adderall contains two main active ingredients: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. These ingredients are thought to work by increasing some neurotransmitters in the brain that help people concentrate and provide energy.