Senolytics and mitochondrial peptides are reshaping how scientists understand aging, immune resilience, and cellular longevity. This research-focused overview explores how MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, and FOXO4-DRI, a well-known senolytic agent, work individually and synergistically to influence cellular health. MOTS-c has gained attention for its ability to enhance metabolic balance, strengthen stress responses, and support immune function at the mitochondrial level. In contrast, FOXO4-DRI targets senescent cells those aged, non-functional cells that accumulate over time and impair tissue repair and immunity. By examining their mechanisms, current findings, and emerging experimental applications, this piece provides valuable insights into how these groundbreaking peptides may influence inflammation, immune system performance, and healthy aging research. Ideal for researchers and enthusiasts exploring next-generation longevity science.