Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that has become a major focus in peptide research due to its distinctive molecular design and sustained biological activity. Research and development efforts have emphasized its structural modifications, which enhance resistance to enzymatic degradation and extend its circulating half-life. These properties allow for prolonged receptor engagement and have positioned semaglutide as an important model for studying long-acting peptide therapeutics. Scientific investigations have explored semaglutide’s effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion dynamics, and central nervous system pathways involved in appetite regulation and energy balance. Research models have also examined its influence on lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling, and metabolic adaptability, providing insight into its broader physiological interactions beyond glycemic control.