Key Biochemical Insights & Health Potential focuses on the growing body of research surrounding SS-31 (also known as elamipretide), a mitochondria-targeting peptide investigated for its affinity to cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane. By interacting with this lipid, SS-31 is thought to support mitochondrial structural integrity and influence electron transport chain efficiency. These biochemical interactions have positioned SS-31 as a valuable research tool for studying mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress modulation, and cellular energy balance. Current studies are exploring SS-31 across a range of experimental models, including those related to aging, neurodegenerative conditions, cardiovascular strain, and skeletal muscle function. Research findings suggest potential effects on mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species signaling, though outcomes may vary depending on the biological context and study design.