Nootropic peptides have emerged as an important focus in modern neuroscience research due to their potential to influence cognitive processes, neuroplasticity, and brain resilience. These short chains of amino acids are studied for their ability to interact with neural signaling pathways, neurotrophic factors, and neurotransmitter systems. Unlike traditional small-molecule nootropics, peptides can be designed to mimic or enhance naturally occurring biological signals, making them valuable tools for exploring the molecular foundations of memory, learning, and emotional regulation. Research has highlighted compounds such as Semax, Selank, and P21 for their involvement in regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dopamine, serotonin, and GABA pathways key systems associated with cognitive performance and mood balance.