Adderall is a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, a sleep disorder. It contains two active ingredients, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which are both stimulants that affect chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. Adderall is usually taken as a tablet once or twice a day with or without food. It is a prescription drug and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.