Xanax works by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps to reduce the activity of certain areas of the brain that are responsible for anxiety and panic. Xanax is a short-acting medication, and its effects can be felt within an hour of taking it. However, it can also be habit-forming and may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. It is important to take Xanax only as directed by a healthcare professional and to avoid using it for longer than necessary to minimize the risk of dependence and other adverse effects.