Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern, most commonly occurring during the winter months when daylight is reduced. Symptoms include low mood, lack of energy, increased sleep, carbohydrate cravings, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. The exact cause is linked to reduced sunlight exposure, which disrupts the body’s circadian rhythms and lowers serotonin and melatonin levels, both of which regulate mood and sleep. Treatment options include light therapy (exposure to bright artificial light that mimics natural sunlight), which is highly effective in reducing symptoms. Antidepressant medications and psychotherapy, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, are also helpful. Lifestyle adjustments such as spending more time outdoors, exercising, and maintaining social connections further support recovery. Early recognition is important since untreated SAD can significantly impact daily functioning. With the right interventions, individuals can manage symptoms effectively and enjoy better well-being year-round. For more details