Xanax is a fast-acting central nervous system depressant. It functions by binding to GABA-A receptors in the brain, which increases the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical that helps slow down nerve impulses. This process helps reduce the physiological and psychological symptoms of anxiety, such as restlessness, excessive worry, and physical tension. Because it is highly potent, it is typically intended for short-term use under strict medical supervision.